diff --git a/x/1-5-Events/animation.min.cpp b/x/1-5-Events/animation.min.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77e7154f6652aa6f479f3b0e8c42f8d473885101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/1-5-Events/animation.min.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+ animation.cpp Ball bouncing in window (minimal version)
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+
+
+// get microseconds
+unsigned long now() {
+ timeval tv;
+ gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+ return tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+}
+
+
+using namespace std;
+
+Display* display;
+Window window;
+
+// frames per second to run animation loop
+int FPS = 60;
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+ display = XOpenDisplay("");
+ if (display == NULL) exit (-1);
+ int screennum = DefaultScreen(display);
+ long background = WhitePixel(display, screennum);
+ long foreground = BlackPixel(display, screennum);
+ window = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, DefaultRootWindow(display),
+ 10, 10, 300, 200, 2, foreground, background);
+ XSelectInput(display, window,
+ ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask); // select events
+ XMapRaised(display, window);
+ XFlush(display);
+
+ XEvent event; // save the event here
+
+ // ball postition, size, and velocity
+ XPoint ballPos;
+ ballPos.x = 50;
+ ballPos.y = 50;
+ int ballSize = 50;
+ XPoint ballDir;
+ ballDir.x = 3;
+ ballDir.y = 3;
+
+ // create gc for drawing
+ GC gc = XCreateGC(display, window, 0, 0);
+
+ // time of last window paint
+ unsigned long lastRepaint = 0;
+
+ XWindowAttributes w;
+ XGetWindowAttributes(display, window, &w);
+
+ // event loop
+ while ( true ) {
+
+ // TRY THIS
+ // comment out this conditional to see what happens when
+ // events block (run the program and keep pressing the mouse)
+ if (XPending(display) > 0) {
+ XNextEvent( display, &event );
+
+ switch ( event.type ) {
+
+ // mouse button press
+ case ButtonPress:
+ cout << "CLICK" << endl;
+ break;
+
+ case KeyPress: // any keypress
+ KeySym key;
+ char text[10];
+ int i = XLookupString( (XKeyEvent*)&event, text, 10, &key, 0 );
+ if ( i == 1 && text[0] == 'q' ) {
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+ exit(0);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ unsigned long end = now(); // get time in microsecond
+
+ if (end - lastRepaint > 1000000 / FPS) {
+
+ // clear background
+ XClearWindow(display, window);
+
+ // draw ball from centre
+ XFillArc(display, window, gc,
+ ballPos.x - ballSize/2,
+ ballPos.y - ballSize/2,
+ ballSize, ballSize,
+ 0, 360*64);
+
+ // update ball position
+ ballPos.x += ballDir.x;
+ ballPos.y += ballDir.y;
+
+ // bounce ball
+ if (ballPos.x + ballSize/2 > w.width ||
+ ballPos.x - ballSize/2 < 0)
+ ballDir.x = -ballDir.x;
+ if (ballPos.y + ballSize/2 > w.height ||
+ ballPos.y - ballSize/2 < 0)
+ ballDir.y = -ballDir.y;
+
+ XFlush( display );
+
+ lastRepaint = now(); // remember when the paint happened
+ }
+
+ // IMPORTANT: sleep for a bit to let other processes work
+ if (XPending(display) == 0) {
+ usleep(1000000 / FPS - (end - lastRepaint));
+ }
+
+
+ }
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+}
diff --git a/x/1-5-Events/doublebuffer1.cpp b/x/1-5-Events/doublebuffer1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..679a2c55a78ac9d7d2928aaf3e656c03ee54bb2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/1-5-Events/doublebuffer1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+ doublebuffer1.cpp How to do double buffering (minimal version using animation.cpp)
+ Note, it's pretty hard to see any difference.
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+
+// get microseconds
+unsigned long now() {
+ timeval tv;
+ gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+ return tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+}
+
+
+using namespace std;
+
+Display* display;
+Window window;
+
+// frames per second to run animation loop
+int FPS = 60;
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+ display = XOpenDisplay("");
+ if (display == NULL) exit (-1);
+ int screennum = DefaultScreen(display);
+ long background = WhitePixel(display, screennum);
+ long foreground = BlackPixel(display, screennum);
+ window = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, DefaultRootWindow(display),
+ 10, 10, 300, 200, 2, foreground, background);
+ XSelectInput(display, window,
+ ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask); // select events
+ XMapRaised(display, window);
+ XFlush(display);
+
+ XEvent event; // save the event here
+
+ // ball postition, size, and velocity
+ XPoint ballPos;
+ ballPos.x = 50;
+ ballPos.y = 50;
+ int ballSize = 50;
+ XPoint ballDir;
+ ballDir.x = 3;
+ ballDir.y = 3;
+
+ // create gc for drawing
+ GC gc = XCreateGC(display, window, 0, 0);
+
+
+ // time of last window paint
+ unsigned long lastRepaint = 0;
+
+ XWindowAttributes w;
+ XGetWindowAttributes(display, window, &w);
+
+ // DOUBLE BUFFER
+ // create bimap (pximap) to us a other buffer
+ int depth = DefaultDepth(display, DefaultScreen(display));
+ Pixmap buffer = XCreatePixmap(display, window, w.width, w.height, depth);
+
+ bool useBuffer = true;
+
+ // event loop
+ while ( true ) {
+
+ // TRY THIS
+ // comment out this conditional to see what happens when
+ // events block (run the program and keep pressing the mouse)
+ if (XPending(display) > 0) {
+ XNextEvent( display, &event );
+
+ switch ( event.type ) {
+
+ // mouse button press
+ case ButtonPress:
+ useBuffer = !useBuffer;
+ cout << "double buffer " << useBuffer << endl;
+ break;
+
+ case KeyPress: // any keypress
+ KeySym key;
+ char text[10];
+ int i = XLookupString( (XKeyEvent*)&event, text, 10, &key, 0 );
+ if ( i == 1 && text[0] == 'q' ) {
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+ exit(0);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ unsigned long end = now();
+
+ if (end - lastRepaint > 1000000 / FPS) {
+
+ Pixmap pixmap;
+
+ if (useBuffer) {
+
+ pixmap = buffer;
+ // draw into the buffer
+ // note that a window and a pixmap are “drawablesâ€
+ XSetForeground(display, gc, WhitePixel(display, DefaultScreen(display)));
+ XFillRectangle(display, pixmap, gc,
+ 0, 0, w.width, w.height);
+ } else {
+ pixmap = window;
+ // clear background
+ XClearWindow(display, pixmap);
+ }
+
+ // draw ball from centre
+ XSetForeground(display, gc, BlackPixel(display, DefaultScreen(display)));
+ XFillArc(display, pixmap, gc,
+ ballPos.x - ballSize / 2,
+ ballPos.y - ballSize / 2,
+ ballSize, ballSize,
+ 0, 360 * 64);
+
+ // update ball position
+ ballPos.x += ballDir.x;
+ ballPos.y += ballDir.y;
+
+ // bounce ball
+ if (ballPos.x + ballSize / 2 > w.width ||
+ ballPos.x - ballSize / 2 < 0)
+ ballDir.x = -ballDir.x;
+ if (ballPos.y + ballSize / 2 > w.height ||
+ ballPos.y - ballSize / 2 < 0)
+ ballDir.y = -ballDir.y;
+
+ // copy buffer to window
+ if (useBuffer) {
+ XCopyArea(display, pixmap, window, gc,
+ 0, 0, w.width, w.height, // region of pixmap to copy
+ 0, 0); // position to put top left corner of pixmap in window
+ }
+
+ XFlush( display );
+
+ lastRepaint = now(); // remember when the paint happened
+ }
+
+ // IMPORTANT: sleep for a bit to let other processes work
+ if (XPending(display) == 0) {
+ usleep(1000000 / FPS - (end - lastRepaint));
+ }
+
+
+ }
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+}
diff --git a/x/1-5-Events/doublebuffer2.cpp b/x/1-5-Events/doublebuffer2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..140d9077bd18babd7693230bacabcab236816b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/1-5-Events/doublebuffer2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+ doublebuffer2.cpp Adds many balls to animation to make doublebuffering
+ effect more obvious.
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+
+// get microseconds
+unsigned long now() {
+ timeval tv;
+ gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+ return tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+}
+
+
+using namespace std;
+
+Display* display;
+Window window;
+
+// frames per second to run animation loop
+int FPS = 60;
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+ display = XOpenDisplay("");
+ if (display == NULL) exit (-1);
+ int screennum = DefaultScreen(display);
+ long background = WhitePixel(display, screennum);
+ long foreground = BlackPixel(display, screennum);
+ window = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, DefaultRootWindow(display),
+ 10, 10, 300, 200, 2, foreground, background);
+ XSelectInput(display, window,
+ ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask); // select events
+ XMapRaised(display, window);
+ XFlush(display);
+
+ XEvent event; // save the event here
+
+ // ball postition, size, and velocity
+ vector<XPoint> ballPos;
+ vector<XPoint> ballDir;
+ int numBalls = 1000;
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < numBalls; i++) {
+ XPoint bp;
+ bp.x = rand() % 300;
+ bp.y = rand() % 200;
+ XPoint bd;
+ bd.x = rand() % 3;
+ bd.y = rand() % 3;
+ ballPos.push_back(bp);
+ ballDir.push_back(bd);
+ }
+
+ // XPoint ballPos;
+ // ballPos.x = 50;
+ // ballPos.y = 50;
+ int ballSize = 10;
+ // XPoint ballDir;
+ // ballDir.x = 3;
+ // ballDir.y = 3;
+
+ // create gc for drawing
+ GC gc = XCreateGC(display, window, 0, 0);
+
+
+ // time of last window paint
+ unsigned long lastRepaint = 0;
+
+ XWindowAttributes w;
+ XGetWindowAttributes(display, window, &w);
+
+ // DOUBLE BUFFER
+ // create bimap (pximap) to us a other buffer
+ int depth = DefaultDepth(display, DefaultScreen(display));
+ Pixmap buffer = XCreatePixmap(display, window, w.width, w.height, depth);
+
+ bool useBuffer = true;
+
+ // event loop
+ while ( true ) {
+
+ // TRY THIS
+ // comment out this conditional to see what happens when
+ // events block (run the program and keep pressing the mouse)
+ if (XPending(display) > 0) {
+ XNextEvent( display, &event );
+
+ switch ( event.type ) {
+
+ // mouse button press
+ case ButtonPress:
+ useBuffer = !useBuffer;
+ cout << "double buffer " << useBuffer << endl;
+ break;
+
+ case KeyPress: // any keypress
+ KeySym key;
+ char text[10];
+ int i = XLookupString( (XKeyEvent*)&event, text, 10, &key, 0 );
+ if ( i == 1 && text[0] == 'q' ) {
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+ exit(0);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ unsigned long end = now();
+
+ if (end - lastRepaint > 1000000 / FPS) {
+
+ Pixmap pixmap;
+
+ if (useBuffer) {
+
+ pixmap = buffer;
+ // draw into the buffer
+ // note that a window and a pixmap are “drawablesâ€
+ XSetForeground(display, gc, WhitePixel(display, DefaultScreen(display)));
+ XFillRectangle(display, pixmap, gc,
+ 0, 0, w.width, w.height);
+ } else {
+ pixmap = window;
+ // clear background
+ XClearWindow(display, pixmap);
+ }
+
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < numBalls; i++) {
+
+
+ // draw ball from centre
+ XSetForeground(display, gc, BlackPixel(display, DefaultScreen(display)));
+ XFillArc(display, pixmap, gc,
+ ballPos[i].x - ballSize / 2,
+ ballPos[i].y - ballSize / 2,
+ ballSize, ballSize,
+ 0, 360 * 64);
+
+ // update ball position
+ ballPos[i].x += ballDir[i].x;
+ ballPos[i].y += ballDir[i].y;
+
+ // bounce ball
+ if (ballPos[i].x + ballSize / 2 > w.width ||
+ ballPos[i].x - ballSize / 2 < 0)
+ ballDir[i].x = -ballDir[i].x;
+ if (ballPos[i].y + ballSize / 2 > w.height ||
+ ballPos[i].y - ballSize / 2 < 0)
+ ballDir[i].y = -ballDir[i].y;
+ }
+
+ // copy buffer to window
+ if (useBuffer) {
+ XCopyArea(display, pixmap, window, gc,
+ 0, 0, w.width, w.height, // region of pixmap to copy
+ 0, 0); // position to put top left corner of pixmap in window
+ }
+
+ XFlush( display );
+
+ lastRepaint = now(); // remember when the paint happened
+ }
+
+ // IMPORTANT: sleep for a bit to let other processes work
+ if (XPending(display) == 0) {
+ usleep(1000000 / FPS - (end - lastRepaint));
+ }
+
+
+ }
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+}
diff --git a/x/1-5-Events/eventloop.cpp b/x/1-5-Events/eventloop.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de4f6edbc35c7a7cd5eb6a4e7d943527b0782d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/1-5-Events/eventloop.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+ eventloop Displays text at cursor location on mouse button press
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <vector>
+
+//#include <string>
+//#include <sstream>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+const int Border = 5;
+const int BufferSize = 10;
+
+int count_click = 0;
+
+struct XInfo {
+ Display* display;
+ Window window;
+ GC gc;
+};
+
+
+// An abstract class representing displayable things.
+class Displayable {
+public:
+ virtual void paint(XInfo& xinfo) = 0;
+};
+
+// A text displayable
+class Text : public Displayable {
+public:
+ virtual void paint(XInfo& xinfo) {
+ XDrawImageString( xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+ this->x, this->y, this->s.c_str(), this->s.length() );
+ }
+
+ Text(int x, int y, string s): x(x), y(y), s(s) {}
+
+private:
+ int x;
+ int y;
+ string s; // string to show
+};
+
+// A displayable polyline
+class Polyline : public Displayable {
+public:
+ virtual void paint(XInfo& xinfo) {
+ // note the trick to pass a stl vector as an C array
+ XDrawLines(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+ &points[0], points.size(), // vector of points
+ CoordModeOrigin ); // use absolute coordinates
+ }
+
+ Polyline(int x, int y) {
+ add_point(x, y);
+ }
+
+ // add another point to the line
+ void add_point(int x, int y) {
+ XPoint p;
+ p.x = x;
+ p.y = y;
+ points.push_back(p);
+ }
+
+private:
+ // need to use a vector to dynamically add points
+ vector < XPoint > points; // XPoint is a built in struct
+};
+
+// Function to put out a message on error exits.
+void error( string str ) {
+ cerr << str << endl;
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+// Function to repaint a display list
+void repaint( list<Displayable*> dList, XInfo& xinfo) {
+ list<Displayable*>::const_iterator begin = dList.begin();
+ list<Displayable*>::const_iterator end = dList.end();
+
+ XClearWindow( xinfo.display, xinfo.window );
+ while ( begin != end ) {
+ Displayable* d = *begin;
+ d->paint(xinfo);
+ begin++;
+ }
+ XFlush( xinfo.display );
+}
+
+
+
+// The loop responding to events from the user.
+void eventloop(XInfo& xinfo) {
+ XEvent event;
+ KeySym key;
+ char text[BufferSize];
+ list<Displayable*> dList;
+
+ Polyline* polyline = NULL;
+
+ while ( true ) {
+ XNextEvent( xinfo.display, &event );
+
+ switch ( event.type ) {
+
+ // add item where mouse clicked
+ case ButtonPress:
+ // output to console
+ cout << "ButtonPress at " << event.xbutton.time << endl;
+
+ // add a new text object to the display list
+ dList.push_back(new Text(
+ event.xbutton.x, event.xbutton.y, "CLICK"));
+ // start a new polyline to draw
+ polyline = new Polyline(event.xbutton.x, event.xbutton.y);
+ dList.push_back(polyline);
+ repaint( dList, xinfo );
+ break;
+
+ // add item where mouse moved
+ case MotionNotify:
+
+ // add the point to the drawing
+ if (polyline != NULL) {
+ polyline->add_point(event.xmotion.x,
+ event.xmotion.y);
+
+ }
+ repaint( dList, xinfo );
+
+ break;
+ /*
+ * Exit when 'q' is typed.
+ * Arguments for XLookupString :
+ * event - the keyboard event
+ * text - buffer into which text will be written
+ * BufferSize - size of text buffer
+ * key - workstation independent key symbol
+ * 0 - pointer to a composeStatus structure
+ */
+ case KeyPress:
+ int i = XLookupString(
+ (XKeyEvent*)&event, text, BufferSize, &key, 0 );
+ cout << "KeySym " << key
+ << " text='" << text << "'"
+ << " at " << event.xkey.time
+
+ << endl;
+ if ( i == 1 && text[0] == 'q' ) {
+ cout << "Terminated normally." << endl;
+ XCloseDisplay(xinfo.display);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ switch(key){
+ case XK_Up:
+ cout << "Up" << endl;
+ break;
+ case XK_Down:
+ cout << "Down" << endl;
+ break;
+ case XK_Left:
+ cout << "Left" << endl;
+ break;
+ case XK_Right:
+ cout << "Right" << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// Create the window; initialize X.
+void initX(int argc, char* argv[], XInfo& xinfo) {
+
+ xinfo.display = XOpenDisplay( "" );
+ if ( !xinfo.display ) {
+ error( "Can't open display." );
+ }
+
+ int screen = DefaultScreen( xinfo.display );
+ unsigned long background = WhitePixel( xinfo.display, screen );
+ unsigned long foreground = BlackPixel( xinfo.display, screen );
+
+
+ XSizeHints hints;
+ hints.x = 100;
+ hints.y = 100;
+ hints.width = 400;
+ hints.height = 300;
+ hints.flags = PPosition | PSize;
+ xinfo.window = XCreateSimpleWindow( xinfo.display, DefaultRootWindow( xinfo.display ),
+ hints.x, hints.y, hints.width, hints.height,
+ Border, foreground, background );
+ XSetStandardProperties( xinfo.display, xinfo.window, "eventloop", "eventloop", None,
+ argv, argc, &hints );
+
+
+ xinfo.gc = XCreateGC (xinfo.display, xinfo.window, 0, 0 );
+ XSetBackground( xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, background );
+ XSetForeground( xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, foreground );
+
+ // Tell the window manager what input events you want.
+ // ButtomMotionMask: The client application receives MotionNotify events only when at least one button is pressed.
+ XSelectInput( xinfo.display, xinfo.window,
+ ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask | ButtonMotionMask );
+
+ XMapRaised( xinfo.display, xinfo.window );
+}
+
+
+
+int main ( int argc, char* argv[] ) {
+ XInfo xinfo;
+ initX(argc, argv, xinfo);
+ eventloop(xinfo);
+}
diff --git a/x/1-5-Events/eventloop.min.cpp b/x/1-5-Events/eventloop.min.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c421bf51397871ae616b9f1dfb4ea8edb2f05f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/1-5-Events/eventloop.min.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+ eventloop.min.cpp Demos events by displaying mouse motion events
+ to console (minimal version)
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+Display* display;
+Window window;
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+ display = XOpenDisplay("");
+ if (display == NULL) exit (-1);
+ int screennum = DefaultScreen(display);
+ long background = WhitePixel(display, screennum);
+ long foreground = BlackPixel(display, screennum);
+ window = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, DefaultRootWindow(display),
+ 10, 10, 300, 200, 2, foreground, background);
+ XSelectInput(display, window,
+ PointerMotionMask | KeyPressMask); // select events
+ XMapRaised(display, window);
+ XFlush(display);
+ XEvent event; // save the event here
+ while ( true ) { // event loop until 'exit'
+ XNextEvent( display, &event ); // wait for next event
+ cout << event.type << " ";
+
+ switch ( event.type ) {
+ case MotionNotify: // mouse movement
+ cout << event.xmotion.x << ","
+ << event.xmotion.y << endl;
+ break;
+ case KeyPress: // any keypress
+ exit(0);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ XCloseDisplay(display);
+}
diff --git a/x/1-5-Events/makefile b/x/1-5-Events/makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1ba5d51fa9c1e67e8d7a53199d3e52cda50e836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x/1-5-Events/makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# super simple makefile
+# call it using 'make NAME=name_of_code_file_without_extension'
+# (assumes a .cpp extension)
+NAME = "eventloop.min"
+
+# Add $(MAC_OPT) to the compile line for macOS
+# (should be ignored by Linux, set to nothing if causing problems)
+MAC_OPT = -I/opt/X11/include
+
+all:
+ @echo "Compiling..."
+ g++ -o $(NAME) $(NAME).cpp -L/opt/X11/lib -lX11 -lstdc++ $(MAC_OPT)
+
+run: all
+ @echo "Running..."
+ ./$(NAME)
+
+clean:
+ -rm *o