java/3-5-Clipboard/transferDemo/makefile

+# super simple makefile
+# call it using 'make NAME=name_of_code_file_without_extension'
+# (assumes a .java extension)
+NAME = "TransferDemo"
+
+all:
+	@echo "Compiling..."
+	javac $(NAME).java
+
+run: all
+	@echo "Running..."
+	java $(NAME)
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf *.class

java/readme.md

+## Compiling and Running Java Demos
+
+To make ("compile") an example, use the included makefile with 
+the name of the java file passed as a variable. For example, to make hello.java:
+
+```bash
+	make NAME="hello"
+```
+
+Then, to run:
+
+```bash
+    java hello 
+```
+
+Or you can compile and run in one step:
+
+```bash
+    make run NAME="hello"
+```
+
+You can also clean temporary `.class` files:
+
+```bash
+    make clean
+```
\ No newline at end of file

x/1-5-Events/eventloop.cpp

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ void initX(int argc, char* argv[], XInfo& xinfo) {
     XSetBackground( xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, background );
     XSetForeground( xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, foreground );
 
-    // Tell the window manager what input events you want.
+    // Tell the base window system what input events you want.
     // ButtomMotionMask: The client application receives MotionNotify events only when at least one button is pressed.
     XSelectInput( xinfo.display, xinfo.window,
                   ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask | ButtonMotionMask );

x/2-3-widgets/button.cpp

+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+    button.cpp   Implement a ToggleButton UI Widget
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <list>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+
+
+// get microseconds
+unsigned long now() {
+	timeval tv;
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	return tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+}
+
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+// - - - X globals - - -
+
+struct XInfo {
+	Display* display;
+	Window window;
+	int screen;
+	GC gc;
+};
+
+XInfo xinfo;
+
+// frames per second to run animation loop
+int FPS = 60;
+
+// helper function to set X foreground colour
+enum Colour {BLACK, WHITE};
+void setForeground(Colour c) {
+	if (c == BLACK) {
+		XSetForeground(xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, BlackPixel(xinfo.display, xinfo.screen));
+	} else {
+		XSetForeground(xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, WhitePixel(xinfo.display, xinfo.screen));
+	}
+}
+
+
+// isPaused functionality
+bool isPaused = false;
+// isPaused callback (a simple event handler)
+void togglePause(bool isOn) {
+	isPaused = isOn;
+}
+
+// A toggle button widget
+class ToggleButton {
+
+public:
+
+	ToggleButton(int _x, int _y, void (*_toggleEvent)(bool)) {
+		x = _x;
+		y = _y;
+		toggleEvent = _toggleEvent;
+		isOn = false;
+		diameter = 50;
+	}
+
+	// the CONTROLLER
+	void mouseClick(int mx, int my) {
+		float dist = sqrt(pow(mx - x, 2) + pow(my - y, 2));
+		if (dist < diameter / 2) {
+			toggle();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// the VIEW
+	void draw() {
+
+		if (isOn) {
+			setForeground(BLACK);
+			XFillArc(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+			         x - diameter / 2,
+			         y - diameter / 2,
+			         diameter, diameter,
+			         0, 360 * 64);
+			setForeground(WHITE);
+			XDrawArc(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+			         x - diameter / 2,
+			         y - diameter / 2,
+			         diameter, diameter,
+			         0, 360 * 64);
+		} else {
+			setForeground(WHITE);
+			XFillArc(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+			         x - diameter / 2,
+			         y - diameter / 2,
+			         diameter, diameter,
+			         0, 360 * 64);
+			setForeground(BLACK);
+			XDrawArc(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+			         x - diameter / 2,
+			         y - diameter / 2,
+			         diameter, diameter,
+			         0, 360 * 64);
+		}
+	}
+
+private:
+
+	// VIEW "essential geometry"
+	int x;
+	int y;
+	int diameter;
+
+	// toggle event callback
+	void (*toggleEvent)(bool);
+
+	// the MODEL
+	bool isOn;
+
+	void toggle() {
+		isOn = !isOn;
+		toggleEvent(isOn);
+	}
+};
+
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+
+	xinfo.display = XOpenDisplay("");
+	if (xinfo.display == NULL) exit (-1);
+	int screennum = DefaultScreen(xinfo.display);
+	long background = WhitePixel(xinfo.display, screennum);
+	long foreground = BlackPixel(xinfo.display, screennum);
+	xinfo.window = XCreateSimpleWindow(xinfo.display, DefaultRootWindow(xinfo.display),
+	                                   10, 10, 300, 200, 2, foreground, background);
+	XSelectInput(xinfo.display, xinfo.window,
+	             ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask); // select events
+	XMapRaised(xinfo.display, xinfo.window);
+	XFlush(xinfo.display);
+
+	XEvent event; // save the event here
+
+	// ball postition, size, and velocity
+	XPoint ballPos;
+	ballPos.x = 50;
+	ballPos.y = 50;
+	int ballSize = 50;
+	XPoint ballDir;
+	ballDir.x = 3;
+	ballDir.y = 3;
+
+	// create gc for drawing
+	xinfo.gc = XCreateGC(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, 0, 0);
+
+	// time of last xinfo.window paint
+	unsigned long lastRepaint = 0;
+
+	XWindowAttributes w;
+	XGetWindowAttributes(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, &w);
+
+	ToggleButton toggleButton(150, 100, &togglePause);
+
+	// event loop
+	while ( true ) {
+
+		// TRY THIS
+		// comment out this conditional to see what happens when
+		// events block (run the program and keep pressing the mouse)
+		if (XPending(xinfo.display) > 0) {
+			XNextEvent( xinfo.display, &event );
+
+			switch ( event.type ) {
+
+			// mouse button press
+			case ButtonPress:
+				// cout << "ButtonPress" << endl;
+				toggleButton.mouseClick(event.xbutton.x, event.xbutton.y);
+				break;
+
+			case KeyPress: // any keypress
+				KeySym key;
+				char text[10];
+				int i = XLookupString( (XKeyEvent*)&event, text, 10, &key, 0 );
+				if ( i == 1 && text[0] == 'q' ) {
+					XCloseDisplay(xinfo.display);
+					exit(0);
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		unsigned long end = now();
+
+		if (end - lastRepaint > 1000000 / FPS) {
+
+
+			// clear background
+			XClearWindow(xinfo.display, xinfo.window);
+
+			// draw ball from centre
+			setForeground(BLACK);
+			XFillArc(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, xinfo.gc,
+			         ballPos.x - ballSize / 2,
+			         ballPos.y - ballSize / 2,
+			         ballSize, ballSize,
+			         0, 360 * 64);
+
+
+			if (!isPaused) {
+
+				// update ball position
+				ballPos.x += ballDir.x;
+				ballPos.y += ballDir.y;
+
+				// bounce ball
+				if (ballPos.x + ballSize / 2 > w.width ||
+				        ballPos.x - ballSize / 2 < 0)
+					ballDir.x = -ballDir.x;
+				if (ballPos.y + ballSize / 2 > w.height ||
+				        ballPos.y - ballSize / 2 < 0)
+					ballDir.y = -ballDir.y;
+
+			}
+
+			toggleButton.draw();
+
+			XFlush( xinfo.display );
+
+			lastRepaint = now(); // remember when the paint happened
+		}
+
+		// IMPORTANT: sleep for a bit to let other processes work
+		if (XPending(xinfo.display) == 0) {
+			usleep(1000000 / FPS - (end - lastRepaint));
+		}
+
+
+	}
+	XCloseDisplay(xinfo.display);
+}

x/2-3-widgets/makefile

+# super simple makefile
+# call it using 'make NAME=name_of_code_file_without_extension'
+# (assumes a .cpp extension)
+NAME = "button"
+
+# Add $(MAC_OPT) to the compile line for macOS 
+# (should be ignored by Linux, set to nothing if causing problems)
+MAC_OPT = -I/opt/X11/include
+
+all:
+	@echo "Compiling..."
+	g++ -o $(NAME) $(NAME).cpp -L/opt/X11/lib -lX11 -lstdc++ $(MAC_OPT)
+
+run: all
+	@echo "Running..."
+	./$(NAME) 
+
+clean:
+	-rm *o

x/2-4-EventDispatch/makefile

+# super simple makefile
+# call it using 'make NAME=name_of_code_file_without_extension'
+# (assumes a .cpp extension)
+NAME = "multiwindow"
+
+# Add $(MAC_OPT) to the compile line for macOS 
+# (should be ignored by Linux, set to nothing if causing problems)
+MAC_OPT = -I/opt/X11/include
+
+all:
+	@echo "Compiling..."
+	g++ -o $(NAME) $(NAME).cpp -L/opt/X11/lib -lX11 -lstdc++ $(MAC_OPT)
+
+run: all
+	@echo "Running..."
+	./$(NAME) 
+
+clean:
+	-rm *o

x/2-4-EventDispatch/multiwindow.cpp

+/*
+CS 349 Code Examples: X Windows and XLib
+
+    dispatch     Opens and draws into two windows
+
+  					usage:
+
+  					to create sibling window:
+
+  					   ./muliwindow sib
+
+  					to create child window:
+
+  					   ./multiwindow child
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+See associated makefile for compiling instructions
+
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+/*
+ * Header files for X functions
+ */
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+const int Border = 4;
+
+
+/*
+ * Information to draw on the window.
+ */
+struct XInfo {
+	Display	 *display;
+	int		 screen;
+	Window	 window;
+	GC		 gc;
+};
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Function to put out a message on error exits.
+ */
+void error( string str ) {
+	cerr << str << endl;
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Initialize X and create a window
+ */
+void initX(int argc, char *argv[], XInfo &xinfo, Window root, 
+	int x, int y, int width, int height, string name) {
+
+	XSizeHints hints;
+	unsigned long white, black;
+
+	white = XWhitePixel( xinfo.display, xinfo.screen );
+	black = XBlackPixel( xinfo.display, xinfo.screen );
+
+	hints.x = x;
+	hints.y = y;
+	hints.width = width;
+	hints.height = height;
+	hints.flags = PPosition | PSize;
+
+	xinfo.window = XCreateSimpleWindow(
+	                   xinfo.display,				// display where window appears
+	                   root, 						// window's parent in window tree
+	                   hints.x, hints.y,			// upper left corner location
+	                   hints.width, hints.height,	// size of the window
+	                   Border,						// width of window's border
+	                   black,						// window border colour
+	                   white );					// window background colour
+
+	XSetStandardProperties(
+	    xinfo.display,		// display containing the window
+	    xinfo.window,		// window whose properties are set
+	    name.c_str(),	// window's title
+	    "",				// icon's title
+	    None,				// pixmap for the icon
+	    argv, argc,			// applications command line args
+	    &hints );			// size hints for the window
+
+	/*
+	 * Create Graphics Context
+	 */
+	xinfo.gc = XCreateGC(xinfo.display, xinfo.window, 0, 0);
+	XSetForeground(xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, BlackPixel(xinfo.display, xinfo.screen));
+	XSetBackground(xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, WhitePixel(xinfo.display, xinfo.screen));
+	XSetFillStyle(xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, FillSolid);
+	XSetLineAttributes(xinfo.display, xinfo.gc,
+	                   1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinRound);
+
+	XSelectInput(xinfo.display, xinfo.window,
+	             ButtonPressMask | KeyPressMask | ExposureMask);
+
+	   // load a larger font
+    XFontStruct * font;
+    font = XLoadQueryFont (xinfo.display, "12x24");
+    XSetFont (xinfo.display, xinfo.gc, font->fid);
+
+	/*
+	 * Put the window on the screen.
+	 */
+	XMapRaised( xinfo.display, xinfo.window );
+
+}
+
+
+// convert to string
+string toString(int i) {
+    stringstream ss;
+    ss << i;
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * Start executing here.
+ *	 First initialize window.
+ *	 Next loop responding to events.
+ *	 Exit forcing window manager to clean up - cheesy, but easy.
+ */
+int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
+
+	XInfo xinfo1;
+	XInfo xinfo2;
+
+	// true: window is like heavyweight widget embedded in window
+	// false: window is just another window
+	bool isSibling = false;
+
+		/*
+	* Display opening uses the DISPLAY	environment variable.
+	* It can go wrong if DISPLAY isn't set, or you don't have permission.
+	*/
+	Display * display = XOpenDisplay( "" );
+	if ( !display )	{
+		error( "Can't open display." );
+	}
+
+	/*
+	* Find out some things about the display you're using.
+	*/
+	int screen = DefaultScreen( display );
+	xinfo1.display = display;
+	xinfo1.screen = screen;
+
+	// create window 1
+	initX(argc, argv, xinfo1, DefaultRootWindow(display), 75, 75, 200, 200, "One");
+
+	// create window 2
+	xinfo2.display = display;
+	xinfo2.screen = screen;
+
+	if (isSibling)
+		// make window 2 a sibling of window 1
+		initX(argc, argv, xinfo2, DefaultRootWindow( display ), 25, 150, 150, 50, "Two");
+	else
+		// make window 2 a child of window 1
+		initX(argc, argv, xinfo2, xinfo1.window, 25, 50, 150, 50, "Two");
+
+	XFlush(display);
+
+	// need to repaint both windows
+
+	int click1 = 0;
+	int click2 = 0;
+
+
+	XEvent event;
+
+	while ( true ) {
+		XNextEvent( display, &event );
+		switch ( event.type ) {
+		case ButtonPress:
+			if (event.xany.window == xinfo1.window) {
+				cout << "ButtonPress Window One\n";
+				click1++;
+			} else if (event.xany.window == xinfo2.window) {
+				cout << "ButtonPress Window Two\n";
+				click2++;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+
+		// draw in the windows
+		string s;
+		s = toString(click1);
+		XDrawImageString( xinfo1.display, xinfo1.window, xinfo1.gc,
+                      25, 40, s.c_str(), s.length() );
+ 		s = toString(click2);
+		XDrawImageString( xinfo2.display, xinfo2.window, xinfo2.gc,
+                      25, 40, s.c_str(), s.length() );
+
+
+	}
+
+	/* flush all pending requests to the X server. */
+	XFlush(display);
+
+	XCloseDisplay(display);
+}