initialize cs452 with my first program and bwio provided by Bill Cowan

include/bwio.h

+/*
+ * bwio.h
+ */
+
+typedef char *va_list;
+
+#define __va_argsiz(t)	\
+		(((sizeof(t) + sizeof(int) - 1) / sizeof(int)) * sizeof(int))
+
+#define va_start(ap, pN) ((ap) = ((va_list) __builtin_next_arg(pN)))
+
+#define va_end(ap)	((void)0)
+
+#define va_arg(ap, t)	\
+		 (((ap) = (ap) + __va_argsiz(t)), *((t*) (void*) ((ap) - __va_argsiz(t))))
+
+#define COM1	0
+#define COM2	1
+
+#define ON	1
+#define	OFF	0
+
+int bwsetfifo( int channel, int state );
+
+int bwsetspeed( int channel, int speed );
+
+int bwputc( int channel, char c );
+
+int bwgetc( int channel );
+
+int bwputx( int channel, char c );
+
+int bwputstr( int channel, char *str );
+
+int bwputr( int channel, unsigned int reg );
+
+void bwputw( int channel, int n, char fc, char *bf );
+
+void bwprintf( int channel, char *format, ... );

include/ts7200.h

+/*
+ * ts7200.h - definitions describing the ts7200 peripheral registers
+ *
+ * Specific to the TS-7200 ARM evaluation board
+ *
+ */
+
+#define	TIMER1_BASE	0x80810000
+#define	TIMER2_BASE	0x80810020
+#define	TIMER3_BASE	0x80810080
+
+#define	LDR_OFFSET	0x00000000	// 16/32 bits, RW
+#define	VAL_OFFSET	0x00000004	// 16/32 bits, RO
+#define CRTL_OFFSET	0x00000008	// 3 bits, RW
+	#define	ENABLE_MASK	0x00000080
+	#define	MODE_MASK	0x00000040
+	#define	CLKSEL_MASK	0x00000008
+#define CLR_OFFSET	0x0000000c	// no data, WO
+
+
+#define LED_ADDRESS	0x80840020
+	#define LED_NONE	0x0
+	#define LED_GREEN	0x1
+	#define LED_RED		0x2
+	#define LED_BOTH	0x3
+
+#define COM1	0
+#define COM2	1
+
+#define IRDA_BASE	0x808b0000
+#define UART1_BASE	0x808c0000
+#define UART2_BASE	0x808d0000
+
+// All the below registers for UART1
+// First nine registers (up to Ox28) for UART 2
+
+#define UART_DATA_OFFSET	0x0	// low 8 bits
+	#define DATA_MASK	0xff
+#define UART_RSR_OFFSET		0x4	// low 4 bits
+	#define FE_MASK		0x1
+	#define PE_MASK		0x2
+	#define BE_MASK		0x4
+	#define OE_MASK		0x8
+#define UART_LCRH_OFFSET	0x8	// low 7 bits
+	#define BRK_MASK	0x1
+	#define PEN_MASK	0x2	// parity enable
+	#define EPS_MASK	0x4	// even parity
+	#define STP2_MASK	0x8	// 2 stop bits
+	#define FEN_MASK	0x10	// fifo
+	#define WLEN_MASK	0x60	// word length
+#define UART_LCRM_OFFSET	0xc	// low 8 bits
+	#define BRDH_MASK	0xff	// MSB of baud rate divisor
+#define UART_LCRL_OFFSET	0x10	// low 8 bits
+	#define BRDL_MASK	0xff	// LSB of baud rate divisor
+#define UART_CTLR_OFFSET	0x14	// low 8 bits
+	#define UARTEN_MASK	0x1
+	#define MSIEN_MASK	0x8	// modem status int
+	#define RIEN_MASK	0x10	// receive int
+	#define TIEN_MASK	0x20	// transmit int
+	#define RTIEN_MASK	0x40	// receive timeout int
+	#define LBEN_MASK	0x80	// loopback 
+#define UART_FLAG_OFFSET	0x18	// low 8 bits
+	#define CTS_MASK	0x1
+	#define DCD_MASK	0x2
+	#define DSR_MASK	0x4
+	#define TXBUSY_MASK	0x8
+	#define RXFE_MASK	0x10	// Receive buffer empty
+	#define TXFF_MASK	0x20	// Transmit buffer full
+	#define RXFF_MASK	0x40	// Receive buffer full
+	#define TXFE_MASK	0x80	// Transmit buffer empty
+#define UART_INTR_OFFSET	0x1c
+#define UART_DMAR_OFFSET	0x28
+
+// Specific to UART1
+
+#define UART_MDMCTL_OFFSET	0x100
+#define UART_MDMSTS_OFFSET	0x104
+#define UART_HDLCCTL_OFFSET	0x20c
+#define UART_HDLCAMV_OFFSET	0x210
+#define UART_HDLCAM_OFFSET	0x214
+#define UART_HDLCRIB_OFFSET	0x218
+#define UART_HDLCSTS_OFFSET	0x21c
+
+

src/Makefile

+#
+# Makefile for busy-wait IO tests
+#
+XCC     = /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/gcc
+AS	= /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/as
+AR	= /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/ar
+LD      = /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/ld
+CFLAGS  = -c -fPIC -Wall -I. -I../include -mcpu=arm920t -msoft-float
+# -g: include hooks for gdb
+# -c: only compile
+# -mcpu=arm920t: generate code for the 920t architecture
+# -fpic: emit position-independent code
+# -Wall: report all warnings
+
+ASFLAGS	= -mcpu=arm920t -mapcs-32
+# -mapcs: always generate a complete stack frame
+
+ARFLAGS = rcs
+
+LDFLAGS = -init main -Map first.map -N -T orex.ld -L/u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/lib/gcc/arm-elf/4.0.2 -L../lib
+
+all:  first.elf
+
+first.s: first.c
+	$(XCC) -S $(CFLAGS) first.c
+ 
+first.o: first.s
+	$(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -o first.o first.s
+
+first.elf: first.o
+	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ first.o -lbwio -lgcc
+
+clean:
+	-rm -f first.elf *.s *.o first.map *.a ../lib/*.a
+ 

src/first.c

+#include <ts7200.h>
+#include <bwio.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  char a='A';
+  bwputc(COM2, a);
+  return 0;
+}
+

src/libsrc/Makefile

+#
+# Makefile for busy-wait IO tests
+#
+XCC     = /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/gcc
+AS	= /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/as
+AR	= /u/wbcowan/gnuarm-4.0.2/arm-elf/bin/ar
+CFLAGS  = -c -fPIC -Wall -I. -I../../include -mcpu=arm920t -msoft-float
+# -g: include hooks for gdb
+# -c: only compile
+# -mcpu=arm920t: generate code for the 920t architecture
+# -fpic: emit position-independent code
+# -Wall: report all warnings
+
+ASFLAGS	= -mcpu=arm920t -mapcs-32
+# -mapcs: always generate a complete stack frame
+
+ARFLAGS = rcs
+
+all:  bwio.a
+ 
+bwio.s: bwio.c
+	$(XCC) -S $(CFLAGS) bwio.c
+
+bwio.o: bwio.s
+	$(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -o bwio.o bwio.s
+
+bwio.a: bwio.o
+	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ bwio.o
+
+install: bwio.a
+	 mv bwio.a ../../lib/libbwio.a
+
+clean:
+	-rm -f *.s *.o *.a
+ 

src/libsrc/bwio.c

+/*
+ * bwio.c - busy-wait I/O routines for diagnosis
+ *
+ * Specific to the TS-7200 ARM evaluation board
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <ts7200.h>
+#include <bwio.h>
+
+/*
+ * The UARTs are initialized by RedBoot to the following state
+ * 	115,200 bps
+ * 	8 bits
+ * 	no parity
+ * 	fifos enabled
+ */
+int bwsetfifo( int channel, int state ) {
+	int *line, buf;
+	switch( channel ) {
+	case COM1:
+		line = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_LCRH_OFFSET );
+	        break;
+	case COM2:
+	        line = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_LCRH_OFFSET );
+	        break;
+	default:
+	        return -1;
+	        break;
+	}
+	buf = *line;
+	buf = state ? buf | FEN_MASK : buf & ~FEN_MASK;
+	*line = buf;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int bwsetspeed( int channel, int speed ) {
+	int *high, *low;
+	switch( channel ) {
+	case COM1:
+		high = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_LCRM_OFFSET );
+		low = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_LCRL_OFFSET );
+	        break;
+	case COM2:
+		high = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_LCRM_OFFSET );
+		low = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_LCRL_OFFSET );
+	        break;
+	default:
+	        return -1;
+	        break;
+	}
+	switch( speed ) {
+	case 115200:
+		*high = 0x0;
+		*low = 0x3;
+		return 0;
+	case 2400:
+		*high = 0x0;
+		*low = 0x90;
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+int bwputc( int channel, char c ) {
+	int *flags, *data;
+	switch( channel ) {
+	case COM1:
+		flags = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_FLAG_OFFSET );
+		data = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_DATA_OFFSET );
+		break;
+	case COM2:
+		flags = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_FLAG_OFFSET );
+		data = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_DATA_OFFSET );
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+		break;
+	}
+	while( ( *flags & TXFF_MASK ) ) ;
+	*data = c;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+char c2x( char ch ) {
+	if ( (ch <= 9) ) return '0' + ch;
+	return 'a' + ch - 10;
+}
+
+int bwputx( int channel, char c ) {
+	char chh, chl;
+
+	chh = c2x( c / 16 );
+	chl = c2x( c % 16 );
+	bwputc( channel, chh );
+	return bwputc( channel, chl );
+}
+
+int bwputr( int channel, unsigned int reg ) {
+	int byte;
+	char *ch = (char *) &reg;
+
+	for( byte = 3; byte >= 0; byte-- ) bwputx( channel, ch[byte] );
+	return bwputc( channel, ' ' );
+}
+
+int bwputstr( int channel, char *str ) {
+	while( *str ) {
+		if( bwputc( channel, *str ) < 0 ) return -1;
+		str++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void bwputw( int channel, int n, char fc, char *bf ) {
+	char ch;
+	char *p = bf;
+
+	while( *p++ && n > 0 ) n--;
+	while( n-- > 0 ) bwputc( channel, fc );
+	while( ( ch = *bf++ ) ) bwputc( channel, ch );
+}
+
+int bwgetc( int channel ) {
+	int *flags, *data;
+	unsigned char c;
+
+	switch( channel ) {
+	case COM1:
+		flags = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_FLAG_OFFSET );
+		data = (int *)( UART1_BASE + UART_DATA_OFFSET );
+		break;
+	case COM2:
+		flags = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_FLAG_OFFSET );
+		data = (int *)( UART2_BASE + UART_DATA_OFFSET );
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+		break;
+	}
+	while ( !( *flags & RXFF_MASK ) ) ;
+	c = *data;
+	return c;
+}
+
+int bwa2d( char ch ) {
+	if( ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' ) return ch - '0';
+	if( ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f' ) return ch - 'a' + 10;
+	if( ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F' ) return ch - 'A' + 10;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+char bwa2i( char ch, char **src, int base, int *nump ) {
+	int num, digit;
+	char *p;
+
+	p = *src; num = 0;
+	while( ( digit = bwa2d( ch ) ) >= 0 ) {
+		if ( digit > base ) break;
+		num = num*base + digit;
+		ch = *p++;
+	}
+	*src = p; *nump = num;
+	return ch;
+}
+
+void bwui2a( unsigned int num, unsigned int base, char *bf ) {
+	int n = 0;
+	int dgt;
+	unsigned int d = 1;
+	
+	while( (num / d) >= base ) d *= base;
+	while( d != 0 ) {
+		dgt = num / d;
+		num %= d;
+		d /= base;
+		if( n || dgt > 0 || d == 0 ) {
+			*bf++ = dgt + ( dgt < 10 ? '0' : 'a' - 10 );
+			++n;
+		}
+	}
+	*bf = 0;
+}
+
+void bwi2a( int num, char *bf ) {
+	if( num < 0 ) {
+		num = -num;
+		*bf++ = '-';
+	}
+	bwui2a( num, 10, bf );
+}
+
+void bwformat ( int channel, char *fmt, va_list va ) {
+	char bf[12];
+	char ch, lz;
+	int w;
+
+	
+	while ( ( ch = *(fmt++) ) ) {
+		if ( ch != '%' )
+			bwputc( channel, ch );
+		else {
+			lz = 0; w = 0;
+			ch = *(fmt++);
+			switch ( ch ) {
+			case '0':
+				lz = 1; ch = *(fmt++);
+				break;
+			case '1':
+			case '2':
+			case '3':
+			case '4':
+			case '5':
+			case '6':
+			case '7':
+			case '8':
+			case '9':
+				ch = bwa2i( ch, &fmt, 10, &w );
+				break;
+			}
+			switch( ch ) {
+			case 0: return;
+			case 'c':
+				bwputc( channel, va_arg( va, char ) );
+				break;
+			case 's':
+				bwputw( channel, w, 0, va_arg( va, char* ) );
+				break;
+			case 'u':
+				bwui2a( va_arg( va, unsigned int ), 10, bf );
+				bwputw( channel, w, lz, bf );
+				break;
+			case 'd':
+				bwi2a( va_arg( va, int ), bf );
+				bwputw( channel, w, lz, bf );
+				break;
+			case 'x':
+				bwui2a( va_arg( va, unsigned int ), 16, bf );
+				bwputw( channel, w, lz, bf );
+				break;
+			case '%':
+				bwputc( channel, ch );
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void bwprintf( int channel, char *fmt, ... ) {
+        va_list va;
+
+        va_start(va,fmt);
+        bwformat( channel, fmt, va );
+        va_end(va);
+}
+

src/orex.ld

+ENTRY (main)
+
+MEMORY
+{
+ram : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 32M
+rom : ORIGIN = 0x60000000, LENGTH = 8M
+}
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+data : /* Initialized data. */
+{
+_DataStart = . ;
+*(.data)
+_DataEnd = . ;
+} >ram
+
+bss : /* Uninitialized data. */
+{
+_BssStart = . ;
+*(.bss)
+_BssEnd = . ;
+} >ram
+
+text : /* The actual instructions. */
+{
+*(.text)
+*(.got)
+*(.got.plt)
+*(.rodata)
+*(.glue_7)
+*(.glue_7t)
+} >ram
+}